日新月异的城市化 – Sydney Business Insights (SBI)

城市与我们的未来息息相关。今天，超过一半的世界人口居住在城市，城市的经济发展占全球GDP的85%。

到2030年，在发达国家，我们将达到60%的城市化。城市化整合将更加激烈，预计将有81%的人口居住在城市，这其中大部分将发生在非洲和亚洲。

城市化为智慧生态城市带来巨大机遇的同时，也面临着不同类型城市对基础设施、环境、服务和就业的巨大需求，这将会是巨大的挑战。

城市消耗了世界上四分之三的自然资源。

未来10年，仅纽约、北京、上海和伦敦就需要8万亿美元的基础设施投资。

到2030年，固体废物管理将支配中低收入国家的市政年度预算。

由于人口结构的变化，这个大趋势具有内在的张力。许多城市的人口将持续增长，世界各地每周将有150万人通过移民和生育的方式加入城市。

然而，未来10年，预计将有大约100个顶级城市出现人口萎缩，部分原因是德国、意大利、日本、韩国和中国等国的人口老龄化。亚洲和非洲正在出现新的人口增长中心

那么，我们改如何规划、建设和领导更好的城市呢?

健康城市是指我们在城市生活中所做的一切: 包括我们的工作和我们的社区，我们的自然和人工环境，社会，数字和金融层面。

城市正在发生深刻的变化，从建筑和公用设备的新做法，到交通和物流，从我们如何提供医疗保健，到我们如何共享我们的城市。它们既需要智能技术和资金流动，也与比法规更加源远流长的艺术的兴盛密不可分。

未来城市化的重点取决于增加机会和改善城市人口的生活质量。

References

Cities

Hayat, P., (2016). Smart Cities: A Global Perspective. (online) Sage Publishing. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0974928416637930#

Poulden, G., (2013). City-Level Decoupling: Urban Resource Flows and the Governance of Infrastructure Transitions (online) European Union. Available at: https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/unep/document/city-level-decoupling-urban-resource-flows-and-governance-infrastructure-transitions

United Nations, (2018). 2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects. (online) The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. Available at: https://population.un.org/wup/

United Nations, (2018). 2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects. (online) File 14: Average Annual Rate of Change Agglomerations with 3000,000 inhabitants or more. The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. Available at: https://population.un.org/wup/

United Nations, (2018). 100 largest cities 2020. (online) The UN Population Division’s 2018 World Urbanisation Prospects. Available at: https://www.iied.org/sites/default/files/uploads/2020/01/100-largest-cities-2020-millions.xls

UN News, (2013). Sustainable urban infrastructure can foster economic growth – UN Report. (online) UN Environment Program. Available at: https://news.un.org/en/story/2013/04/437432-sustainable-urban-infrastructure-can-foster-economic-growth-un-report

UN, (2013). Chapter III: Towards sustainable cities. World Economic and Social Survey 2013: Sustainable Development Challenges. (online) UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wess/wess_current/wess2013/Chapter3.pdf

Infrastructure investment

PwC, (2015). A New Urban Agenda: Accommodating 2 billion new urban citizens. Rapid Urbanisation (UK). Available at: https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/megatrends/rapid-urbanisation.html

United Nations, (2019). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. (New York): Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations. Available at: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf

UN, (2013). Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility – Global Report on Human Settlements 2013. UN Habitat’s Global Reports on Human Settlements. Available at: https://mirror.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=555

Solid waste management

The World Bank, (2019). Solid Waste Management. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management